Геном Solanum tuberosum L.: от удвоенного моноплоида к пангеному картофеля

Обзорная статья представляет результаты исследования генома картофеля за последние 15 лет: с момента секвенирования первого генома Solanum tuberosum L. до настоящего времени – создания линейного и графического пангеномов сортов и родственных  видов секции Petota Dumort. рода Solanum L. Геномный анализ селекционных и местных сортов, гибридных линий и диких видов картофеля обнаружил колоссальное аллельное разнообразие генного пула, комплексность и динамичность наследственной основы одной их ключевых для мирового и российского агропроизводства культур. Анализ структурной вариабельности геномов культурного картофеля и его диких родичей выявил их сложную эволюционную историю и влияние доместикации на разнообразие геномов, локусы и аллели, связанные с важными агрономическими признаками, с устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим стрессорам, генетическую основу инбридинговой депрессии. Прогресс в развитии геномики картофеля способствует лучшему пониманию природы фенотипического разнообразия этой важной продовольственной культуры, расширяет возможности исследователей, которые занимаются решением проблем эволюции клубнеобразующих видов рода Solanum, частной генетикой и селекцией новых сортов, отвечающих современным требованиям.

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