virbulБюллетень ВИРVIR Bulletin3034-0063N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)virbul-18Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLEГеном Solanum tuberosum L.: от удвоенного моноплоида к пангеному картофеляThe genome of Solanum tuberosum L.: from a doubled monoploid to the potato pangenomehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-068XРогозинаЕ. В.RogozinaE. V.

Елена Вячеславовна Рогозина, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов картофеля

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44 rogozinaelena@gmail.com

Elena V. Rogozina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Potato Genetic Resources

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000 Russia

erogozina@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation20250609202602461937Copyright © Рогозина Е.В., 20262026Рогозина Е.В.Rogozina E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vir-bulletin.ru/jour/article/view/18

Обзорная статья представляет результаты исследования генома картофеля за последние 15 лет: с момента секвенирования первого генома Solanum tuberosum L. до настоящего времени – создания линейного и графического пангеномов сортов и родственных  видов секции Petota Dumort. рода Solanum L. Геномный анализ селекционных и местных сортов, гибридных линий и диких видов картофеля обнаружил колоссальное аллельное разнообразие генного пула, комплексность и динамичность наследственной основы одной их ключевых для мирового и российского агропроизводства культур. Анализ структурной вариабельности геномов культурного картофеля и его диких родичей выявил их сложную эволюционную историю и влияние доместикации на разнообразие геномов, локусы и аллели, связанные с важными агрономическими признаками, с устойчивостью к абиотическим и биотическим стрессорам, генетическую основу инбридинговой депрессии. Прогресс в развитии геномики картофеля способствует лучшему пониманию природы фенотипического разнообразия этой важной продовольственной культуры, расширяет возможности исследователей, которые занимаются решением проблем эволюции клубнеобразующих видов рода Solanum, частной генетикой и селекцией новых сортов, отвечающих современным требованиям.

The review presents the results of potato genome research over the past 15 years: from the sequencing of the first S. tuberosum L. genome till nowadays, when linear and graphical pangenomes of cultivars and related species in the Petota Dumort. section of the Solanum L. genus were created. Genomic analysis of cultivars and landraces, hybrid lines, and wild potato species revealed the enormous allelic diversity of the gene pool, as well as the complexity and dynamics of the genetic basis of one of the key crops for global and Russian agricultural production. Analysis of the structural variability of the cultivated and wild potato genomes revealed their complex evolutionary history and the impact of domestication on genomic diversity, loci, and alleles associated with important agronomic traits, resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, and the genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Progress in the development of potato genomics contributes to a better understanding of the nature of the phenotypic diversity of this important food crop, expanding the capabilities of researchers engaged in solving problems of the evolution of tuber-forming Solanum spp., crop genetics, and breeding of new cultivars that would meet modern requirements.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.