Cultivated grapevine (Vitis L.) in the VIR collection

The classification of the genus Vitis L., food value of grapevine, and its agronomic characteristics are discussed. In the past decades, grapevine breeders and viticulturists have made great efforts to develop and select new promising early-ripening grapevine hybrids of various origin, with resistance to extreme weather conditions. They are successfully cultivated far beyond the natural area of distribution. Rich experience has been accumulated by viticulturists of the Black Earth and Non-Black Earth Regions, the Baltic States, and the Far East of Russia. Recently released grapevine cultivars with frost resistance and a short growing season shifted the area of their cultivation far from the southern areas of Russia: to Moscow and Tver and even Novgorod and Leningrad Provinces, to Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.
The history of the establishment and development of the ampelographic collection at the Vavilov Institute (VIR) is also highlighted. The data obtained at VIR’s experiment stations, situated during the Soviet period in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and presently in Dagestan, Primorsky and Krasnodar Territories, have been used to describe the structure of this collection. Promising measures to save and conserve rare grapevine cultivars and wild Vitis spp. are offered for the future.

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