virbulБюллетень ВИРVIR Bulletin3034-0063N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)virbul-9Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLEНизкотемпературное хранение семян. Становление метода и его роль в сохранении генетических ресурсов растенийLow-temperature storage of seeds. Establishment of the method and its role in plant genetic resources conservationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-1518ФилипенкоГ. И.FilipenkoG. I.

Галина Ивановна Филипенко, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Galina I. Filipenko, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia;

g.filipenko@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation20240407202602435056Copyright © Филипенко Г.И., 20262026Филипенко Г.И.Filipenko G.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vir-bulletin.ru/jour/article/view/9

Около 90% генетических ресурсов культурных растений Земли сохраняется в виде коллекций семян. Низкотемпературное хранение образцов семян позволяет уменьшить число пересевов, поддерживать жизнеспособность семян на высоком уровне длительные сроки. В статье обсуждаются исследования влияния различных факторов на долговечность семян, ставшие методической основой при организации низкотемпературного хранения семян в генных банках растений. Рассмотрены случаи чрезвычайного долголетия семян, расширяющие наши представления о возможностях живых организмов. Приведены сведения из стандартов генных банков (Genebank Standards, 1994, Genebank Standards…, 2014) о выделении нескольких типов коллекций (активная, базовая, дублетная), что позволяет рационально организовать хранение и использовать имеющийся материал, а также о современных требованиях к условиям низкотемпературного хранения.

About 90% of the global cultivated plant genetic resources are preserved as seed collections. The low-temperature storage of seed accessions allows for the reduction of the number of regenerations and for long term maintenance of high level seed viability. The article considers studies of the influence of various factors on seed longevity, which became the methodological basis for organizing low-temperature seed storage in plant genebanks. The presented cases of extreme seed longevity expand our knowledge of the capabilities of living organisms. The Genebank Standards (1994) and Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (2014) provide information on the subdivision of collections into active, basic, and duplicate ones, which allows rational organization of storage and use of available material, as well as describe modern requirements to low-temperature storage conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.