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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">virbul</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Бюллетень ВИР</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>VIR Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-0063</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">virbul-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные технические культуры как источник возобновляемого волокнистого сырья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Basic industrial crops as a source of renewable raw fiber materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-4904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Валерьевич Павлов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Pavlov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avpavlov77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-1980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слободкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slobodkina</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Александровна Слободкина, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia А. Slobodkina, Associate Researcher</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.slobodkina@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-1989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подольная</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podolnaya</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Петровна Подольная, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa P. Podolnaya, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.podolnaya@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-9684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пороховинова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porokhovinova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Александровна Пороховинова, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Porokhovinova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.porohovinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>243</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов А.В., Слободкина А.А., Подольная Л.П., Пороховинова Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов А.В., Слободкина А.А., Подольная Л.П., Пороховинова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov A.V., Slobodkina A.А., Podolnaya L.P., Porokhovinova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vir-bulletin.ru/jour/article/view/8">https://www.vir-bulletin.ru/jour/article/view/8</self-uri><abstract><p>Человечество с незапамятных времен использует волокнистые растения для удовлетворения своих потребностей, собирая их в дикой природе, позже выращивая и постоянно улучшая. Волокно может быть получено из семян (хлопчатник и др.), плодов (капок и др.), стебля (лен и др.), листьев (сизаль и др.). Наибольшее распространение в мире получили десять культур. По данным ФАО, на первом месте находится хлопчатник, суммарная площадь под которым в 2023 г. – 31,8 млн га, или 90,8% всех угодий под волокнистыми культурами в мире. На втором месте – джут (4,4%). На сизаль (0,8%), лен-долгунец (0,7%), абаку (0,5%), капок (0,5%), кенаф (0,4%) и другие культуры в сумме приходится 4,8% угодий. По данным Росстата, в Российской Федерации в 2023 г. возделывали лен-долгунец на площади 35,2 тыс. га, коноплю – 11,4 тыс. га, хлопчатник – 0,2 тыс. га. В наше время, с появлением современных синтетических материалов, эти культуры не утратили своего значения, продолжая занимать важное место в промышленности и жизни каждого человека. В зависимости от особенностей и качественных характеристик, их волокно в изначальном, котонизированном или химически модифицированном виде используют для производства различных тканей бытового и технического назначения, одежды, ниток, веревок, канатов, ваты, одноразовой посуды и пороха, набивки подушек, сидений, при производстве композитных материалов в автомобильной и аэрокосмической промышленности. Их применение снижает антропогенную нагрузку на природу, обеспечивает промышленность возобновляемым сырьем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Humankind has been exploiting fiber plants to meet its needs since time immemorial: first, collecting them in the wild, and later, cultivating and constantly improving them. Fiber can be obtained from seed (cotton, etc.), fruit (kapok, etc.), stems (flax, etc.), or leaves (sisal, etc.). Ten crops have become the most widespread in the world. FAO reports that cotton is the leader, with a total area of 31.8 million hectares in 2023, or 90.8% of the total land under fiber crops in the world. Jute is the second (4.4%), while sisal (0.8%), flax (0.7%), abacá (0.5%), kapok (0.5%), kenaf (0.4%), etc. aggregately account for a total of 4.8% of the land. According to the Federal Statistics Service, in 2023 flax was cultivated in Russia on an area of 35,200 hectares, hemp on 11,400 hectares, and cotton on 200 hectares. Today, with the advent of modern materials, these crops have not lost their significance, still occupying an important place in industry and in every person’s life. Depending on the features and quality characteristics, their fiber in its original, cottonized or chemically modified form is used for the production of various household and industrial fabrics, clothing, threads, ropes, wadding, disposable tableware and gunpowder, for stuffing pillows and seats, and in manufacturing composite materials for the automotive and aerospace industries. Their use reduces anthropogenic pressure on nature and provides industry with renewable raw materials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>натуральные волокна</kwd><kwd>волокно семян</kwd><kwd>волокно плодов</kwd><kwd>волокно листьев</kwd><kwd>лубяные волокна</kwd><kwd>хлопчатник</kwd><kwd>лен-долгунец</kwd><kwd>джут</kwd><kwd>кенаф</kwd><kwd>лубяные культуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural fibers</kwd><kwd>seed fiber</kwd><kwd>fruit fiber</kwd><kwd>leaf fiber</kwd><kwd>bast fiber</kwd><kwd>cotton</kwd><kwd>flax</kwd><kwd>jute</kwd><kwd>kenaf</kwd><kwd>bast crops</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации Программы развития Национального центра генетических ресурсов растений по соглашению с Минобрнауки России от 15 февраля 2024 года № 075-02-2024-1090.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the Development Program of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources under the Agreement with the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated February 15, 2024 No. 075-02-2024-1090.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеева М.В., Аменицкий С.И., Горшкова Т.А., Гурьянов О.П. 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